CRYPTOGRAPHY
CRYPTOGRAPHY
CRYPTOGRAPHY
CRYPTOGRAPHY
CRYPTOGRAPHY
CRYPTOGRAPHY
CRYPTOGRAPHY
Brief History:
Cryptography (or cryptology; derived from Greek κρυπτός kryptós "hidden," and γράφειν gráfein "to write") is a discipline of mathematics concerned with information security.
The History of Cryptography begins thousands of years ago. The earliest known use of cryptography is found in non-standard hieroglyphs carved into monuments from Egypt's Old Kingdom (ca 4500+ years ago). These are not thought to be serious attempts at secret communications, however, but rather to have been attempts at mystery, intrigue, or even amusement for literate onlookers.
Although cryptography has a long and complex history, it wasn't until the 19th century that it developed anything more than ad hoc approaches to either encryption or cryptanalysis (the science of finding weaknesses in crypto systems).
In 1917, Gilbert Vernam proposed a teletype cipher in which a previously-prepared key, kept on paper tape, is combined character by character with the plaintext message to produce the cyphertext. This led to the development of the one time pad and the use of electromechanical devices as cipher machines.
By World War II, mechanical and electromechanical cipher machines were in wide use, although — where such machines were impractical — manual systems continued in use. Great advances were made in cipher-breaking, all in secrecy. Information about this period has begun to be declassified as the official British 50-year secrecy period has come to an end, as U.S. archives have slowly opened, and as assorted memoirs and articles have appeared.
Some pictures of early machines used for Cryptography:
Cryptography (or cryptology; derived from Greek κρυπτός kryptós "hidden," and γράφειν gráfein "to write") is a discipline of mathematics concerned with information security.
The History of Cryptography begins thousands of years ago. The earliest known use of cryptography is found in non-standard hieroglyphs carved into monuments from Egypt's Old Kingdom (ca 4500+ years ago). These are not thought to be serious attempts at secret communications, however, but rather to have been attempts at mystery, intrigue, or even amusement for literate onlookers.
Although cryptography has a long and complex history, it wasn't until the 19th century that it developed anything more than ad hoc approaches to either encryption or cryptanalysis (the science of finding weaknesses in crypto systems).
In 1917, Gilbert Vernam proposed a teletype cipher in which a previously-prepared key, kept on paper tape, is combined character by character with the plaintext message to produce the cyphertext. This led to the development of the one time pad and the use of electromechanical devices as cipher machines.
By World War II, mechanical and electromechanical cipher machines were in wide use, although — where such machines were impractical — manual systems continued in use. Great advances were made in cipher-breaking, all in secrecy. Information about this period has begun to be declassified as the official British 50-year secrecy period has come to an end, as U.S. archives have slowly opened, and as assorted memoirs and articles have appeared.
Some pictures of early machines used for Cryptography:
The Enigma machine was widely used by Nazi Germany; its cryptanalysis by the Allies provided vital Ultra intelligence.
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